The Homeowner's Window Guide
What to watch for, what your options are, and what to ask before you commit to a project.
Signs Your Windows May Need Attention
Windows usually wear out slowly, so problems are easy to get used to. These are the most common signs that a window deserves a closer look:
- Fog or condensation between the panes. Moisture trapped inside double-pane glass usually means the seal around the glass unit has failed.
- Drafts. You feel moving air near the window on a cold or windy day.
- Hard to open, close or lock. Sashes that stick, won't stay up, or don't latch securely.
- Water damage. Stains, soft wood, peeling paint or mold on the sill, trim or wall below the window.
- Visible deterioration. Rot, cracked frames, warping, or failing caulk and glazing.
- Noise and comfort. Rooms near the windows feel noticeably colder in winter or warmer in summer.
Each of these can have more than one cause. A draft might come from worn weatherstripping, gaps in the trim, or the window itself. Water stains might start at the roof or siding. Have the problem looked at before deciding that a window needs to be replaced.
When Repair May Be Worth Considering
Replacement isn't always the answer. A repair may be reasonable when:
- The frame is solid and the problem is limited to weatherstripping, hardware, balances or caulk.
- Only one glass unit has a failed seal, and replacing that glass is an option for your window.
- You have older wood windows in good condition that you'd like to keep for the look of the home.
Replacement is more often discussed when frames are rotted or warped, several windows share the same problems, parts are no longer available, or repairs keep adding up.
Common Window Styles
The right style depends on the room, how you want the window to open, and the look of your home.
Double-hung
Two sashes that slide up and down. A classic choice for many Indianapolis-area homes, and many tilt in for easy cleaning.
Single-hung
Looks like a double-hung, but only the bottom sash moves.
Casement
Hinged on the side and opened with a crank. Seals tightly when closed and works well over counters.
Sliding
Sashes glide side to side. Good for wide openings and spots where a crank is hard to reach.
Picture
A fixed window that doesn't open, used for views and light. Often paired with operating windows.
Awning
Hinged at the top and opens outward, so it can stay open during light rain.
Bay and bow
Several windows angled out from the wall to create a nook and bring in more light.
Specialty shapes
Arches, circles and other custom shapes, often above doors or other windows.
Frame Materials at a Glance
Each material has trade-offs in upkeep, appearance and price. This is a starting point, not a ranking.
| Material | What people like | Things to consider |
|---|---|---|
| Vinyl | Low maintenance, no painting, widely available | Fewer color choices on some lines; quality varies between products |
| Wood | Warm, traditional look; can be painted or stained | Needs regular upkeep to protect against moisture |
| Wood-clad | Wood inside with a protective exterior covering | Usually costs more than vinyl |
| Fiberglass | Strong and stable through temperature swings; can be painted | Usually costs more than vinyl |
| Composite | Blends materials for strength and low upkeep | Performance depends on the specific product |
Glass Options
The glass makes up most of a window, so it has a big effect on comfort.
Double-pane and triple-pane
Double-pane windows have two layers of glass with a sealed space between them. Triple-pane windows add a third layer, which can improve insulation and reduce outside noise. Triple-pane units are heavier and usually cost more, so ask whether they make sense for your home and the rooms you're considering.
Low-E coatings
A thin, nearly invisible coating that helps reflect heat. Different coatings are designed for different climates and sun exposure.
Gas fills
Some windows fill the space between panes with an insulating gas, such as argon, instead of air.
Other options
Tempered or laminated safety glass (required in some locations, such as near doors and tubs), obscure glass for privacy, and internal grilles for a divided-lite look.
When comparing windows, look for the product's official performance ratings label and ask the contractor to explain what the numbers mean for your home.
Why Installation Matters
A well-made window can still leak air or water if it isn't installed correctly. Good installation includes accurate measuring, a properly prepared opening, flashing and sealing to keep water out, insulation around the frame, and careful finishing of trim inside and out.
Ask how the old windows will be removed, how the openings will be checked for damage, and what happens if hidden rot is found.
Questions to Ask a Contractor
- What do you think is causing the problems I'm seeing, and is repair an option?
- Which window style and material do you recommend for this room, and why?
- What glass package is included, and what are its performance ratings?
- How will the windows be installed, and who will do the installation?
- What's included in the price: removal, disposal, trim, interior finishing?
- What warranties cover the product and the installation, and for how long?
- How long will the project take, and what should I do to prepare?